BIT UCSC IT4106 – User Experience Design (UXD) - 2021
Exam Preparation Guide (Questions 1–25)
Click on each question below to reveal the theory, correct answers, and exam tips!
Question 1 – Definition of a Paradigm
Question
A paradigm is a set of ___________________ that constitutes a way of viewing reality for the community that share them.
Correct Answer
✅ (a) Beliefs
Beginner Explanation
A Paradigm means a shared way of thinking or viewing the world. It includes beliefs, assumptions, values, and methods shared by a community.
Example: In UX, User-centered design is a paradigm because designers believe users should always be involved during development.
Option Explanation
Question 2 – Double Diamond Process Sequence
Question
What is the correct order of the Double Diamond Process?
Correct Answer
✅ (a) Discover → Define → Develop → Deliver
Beginner Explanation
The Double Diamond is one of the most famous UX Design processes. It has four stages:
- Discover: Research, interview users, observe, ask "What is the problem?"
- Define: Analyze findings, identify the real problem.
- Develop: Generate ideas, brainstorm, prototype.
- Deliver: Test, improve, release.
Question 3 – Latest Mode of Interaction
Question
Which interaction type is the latest mode of interaction?
Correct Answer
✅ Conversing
Beginner Explanation
Interaction types evolved in this order: Instructing → Manipulating → Exploring → Conversing.
Conversing became popular because of AI Assistants (ChatGPT, Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant). Users now interact using natural language.
Example: "Set an alarm", "Play music", "What is today's weather?"
Question 4 – Characteristics of Good Design
Question
Which statements are true about good design?
Correct Answers
✅ (b), (e)
Beginner Explanation
Good UX is useful, usable, user-centered, and tested repeatedly.
Why (b)? If users can achieve their goals, it's good design (Functions according to user requirements).
Why (e)? UX follows an iterative process: Design → Test → Improve → Test again.
A beautiful interface alone is NOT good UX.
Question 5 – Examples of Reflective Cognition
Question
Which are examples of Reflective Cognition?
Correct Answers
✅ Writing report, Designing draft
Beginner Explanation
Experiential Cognition: Fast, automatic, little thinking (e.g., Driving, Talking, Reading).
Reflective Cognition: Slow, careful thinking, planning, problem-solving (e.g., Writing reports, Designing systems, Creating plans).
Question 6 – Cognitive Process: Attention
Question
Which cognitive process allows people to focus on a specific stimulus?
Correct Answer
✅ (a) Attention
Beginner Explanation
Attention means selecting one thing while ignoring others.
Example: You are studying while people are talking nearby. You ignore the noise and focus on your book.
Question 7 – Cognitive Process: Perception
Question
What is the cognitive process that refers to how information is acquired from the environment via the five sense organs and transformed into experiences?
Correct Answer
✅ (b) Perception
Beginner Explanation
Perception is the process of receiving information through the five senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch) and interpreting its meaning.
Example: You see a red traffic light. Your eyes receive the image, and your brain interprets it as "Stop."
Question 8 – Starting Point of Effective UX Design
Question
To develop an effective user experience, all design should begin with which of the following?
Correct Answer
✅ (e) Understanding intended users
Beginner Explanation
The first principle of User-Centered Design (UCD) is: Understand your users before designing anything.
Designers need to know age, gender, education, experience, culture, goals, and disabilities.
Example: Designing a banking app for elderly users requires large buttons, high contrast, and simple navigation.
Question 9 – User-Centered Design Process Sequence
Question
What is the correct sequence of the User-Centered Design Process?
Correct Answer
✅ (e) Understand → Specify Requirements → Design Solutions → Evaluate against Requirements
Beginner Explanation
According to ISO 9241-210, the UCD process is:
- Understand users
- Specify user requirements
- Design solutions
- Evaluate (and repeat until satisfied)
Question 10 – Human Processor Model Sequence
Question
What is the correct sequence of the Human Processor Model?
Correct Answer
✅ (c) Encoding → Comparison → Response Selection → Response Execution
Beginner Explanation
The Human Processor Model explains how humans process information:
- Encoding: Receive information.
- Comparison: Compare with memory.
- Response Selection: Choose an action.
- Response Execution: Perform the action.
Example: See green light → Recognize it → Decide to drive → Press accelerator.
Question 11 – External Cognition
Question
Which concept is concerned with explaining cognitive processes when interacting with graphical images, multimedia, and VR?
Correct Answer
✅ (b) External Cognition
Beginner Explanation
External Cognition studies how external representations (graphs, maps, flowcharts, images, multimedia, VR) help people think and reduce mental effort.
Example: Google Maps helps you navigate without memorizing roads.
Question 12 – Co-presence
Question
Which concept supports people in their activities when interacting in the same physical space?
Correct Answer
✅ (d) Co-presence
Beginner Explanation
Co-presence means people are physically together and interact with each other in the same location.
Example: Students working around one smart table, or doctors discussing an X-ray together in the same room.
Question 13 – Haptic Interface
Question
What is the interface which provides tactile feedback?
Correct Answer
✅ (a) Haptic Interface
Beginner Explanation
"Haptic" comes from the Greek word meaning touch. A Haptic Interface lets users feel the system through vibrations, force, or motion.
Examples: Mobile phone vibration, PlayStation controller vibration, VR gloves.
Question 14 – Contextual Menu
Question
Which of the following is an example of a Contextual Menu?
Correct Answer
✅ (d) Pop-up Menu
Beginner Explanation
A Contextual Menu appears only when needed, usually by right-clicking a mouse or long-pressing on a mobile screen. It depends on the object selected.
Example: Right-click a file → Rename, Copy, Delete, Properties.
Question 15 – Augmented Reality (AR)
Question
Three-dimensional virtual images appear superimposed over real objects. Which technology is this?
Correct Answer
✅ (c) Augmented Reality (AR)
Beginner Explanation
Augmented Reality (AR) adds virtual objects onto the real world. You see both the real world and digital objects.
Examples: Pokémon GO, Instagram Filters, Furniture Preview Apps.
Note: VR is fully virtual. MR is when real and virtual objects interact with each other.
Question 16 – Non-probability Sampling Techniques
Question
Which are Non-probability Sampling Techniques?
Correct Answers
✅ (c) Snowball, (d) Convenience, (e) Purposive
Beginner Explanation
Non-probability Sampling: Participants are chosen based on convenience or judgment (not everyone has an equal chance).
- Snowball: Participants recommend others (e.g., finding hackers).
- Convenience: Choose nearby people (e.g., surveying your own class).
- Purposive: Researcher chooses experts (e.g., interviewing only senior UX designers).
Question 17 – Triangulation in Data Gathering
Question
What is the best example of Triangulation in data gathering?
Correct Answer
✅ (d) Collecting data from users in different ways with different methods
Beginner Explanation
Triangulation means using multiple methods (e.g., interviews, questionnaires, observation) to improve the reliability and validity of findings. If all methods produce similar results, the findings are more trustworthy.
Question 18 – Types of Probes
Question
Which statements about probes are TRUE? (i. Design, Technology, Provocative are 3 main types. ii. Design probes are a subgroup of technology probes. iii. Top Trump Probe is a Design Probe.)
Correct Answer
✅ (d) i and iii only
Beginner Explanation
There are three independent types of probes:
- Design Probes: Help understand users (e.g., Diaries, Postcards, Top Trump Cards).
- Technology Probes: Prototype technologies placed with users.
- Provocative Probes: Challenge users to think differently.
Why is (ii) wrong? Design probes are NOT a subgroup of technology probes; they are separate categories.
Question 19 – Qualitative Analysis Approaches
Question
Which of the following are approaches to conduct a qualitative analysis?
Correct Answers
✅ (b) Thematic Analysis, (d) Data Categorization, (e) Analyzing Critical Incidents
Beginner Explanation
Qualitative Analysis deals with non-numerical data (interviews, observations, comments).
- Thematic Analysis: Identify common themes/patterns.
- Data Categorization: Group similar responses together.
- Critical Incident Analysis: Focus on important events that affected UX.
Note: Correlation and Regression are Quantitative (numerical) analysis.
Question 20 – Discourse Analysis
Question
Which analysis focuses on how words are used to convey meanings and identify implicit meanings in texts?
Correct Answer
✅ (a) Discourse Analysis
Beginner Explanation
Discourse Analysis studies language, communication, hidden meanings, and social context.
Example: "The system is interesting." Depending on the tone, this could mean it's genuinely good, or actually difficult to use. Discourse analysis studies these hidden meanings.
Question 21 – Prototype Fidelity
Question
What does Fidelity of Prototypes mean?
Correct Answer
✅ (a) The level of detail and functionality built into a prototype
Beginner Explanation
Prototype Fidelity means how closely the prototype resembles the final product.
- Low Fidelity: Simple, cheap, fast (e.g., Paper sketches, wireframes).
- High Fidelity: Looks almost like the final software (e.g., Interactive Figma, clickable buttons, real animations).
Question 22 – Core Components of a Conceptual Model
Question
Which are core components of a Conceptual Model?
Correct Answers
✅ (b) Concepts, (d) Relationships between concepts, (e) Mappings between concepts and user experience
Beginner Explanation
A Conceptual Model explains how users think the system works. Its three main components are:
- Concepts: Objects users interact with (e.g., Shopping Cart, Product).
- Relationships: How concepts connect (e.g., Customer places Order).
- Mappings: How user actions affect the system (e.g., Click → Item added to cart).
Question 23 – Wicked Problems
Question
Which problems are called Wicked Problems?
Correct Answer
✅ (a) Ill-defined problems
Beginner Explanation
A Wicked Problem has no single solution, is difficult to define, changes over time, and has many stakeholders.
Examples: Designing Facebook, government websites, healthcare systems, or education systems. Nobody fully understands the problem initially, so it is "ill-defined".
Question 24 – Evaluation Without Users
Question
Evaluation without involving users. Which techniques are used?
Correct Answers
✅ (a) Heuristic Evaluation, (b) Walkthroughs, (c) Predictive Modeling
Beginner Explanation
These methods are called Inspection Methods, where experts evaluate interfaces instead of real users:
- Heuristic Evaluation: Experts compare UI against usability principles.
- Walkthrough: Experts simulate users completing tasks.
- Predictive Modeling: Predict user performance mathematically (e.g., Keystroke-Level Model).
Question 25 – Jakob Nielsen's Usability Heuristics
Question
Which are part of Jakob Nielsen's 10 Usability Heuristics?
Correct Answer
✅ All of them (Visibility, Error Prevention, Consistency, Aesthetic Design, Recognition)
Beginner Explanation
Jakob Nielsen proposed 10 Usability Heuristics. The ones listed are all correct:
- Visibility of System Status
- Error Prevention
- Consistency and Standards
- Aesthetic and Minimalist Design
- Recognition Rather Than Recall
🎯 Final Revision Cheat Sheet (Questions 1–25)
| Q | Topic | Correct Answer(s) | Easy Memory |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Paradigm | (a) | Shared beliefs |
| 2 | Double Diamond | (a) | D-D-D-D |
| 3 | Interaction Types | Conversing | AI / Natural language |
| 4 | Good Design | (b), (e) | Satisfies users + Iterative |
| 5 | Reflective Cognition | Writing, Designing | Deep thinking |
| 6 | Attention | (a) | Focus on one thing |
| 7 | Perception | (b) | 5 senses → understanding |
| 8 | UX Starting Point | (e) | Understand users |
| 9 | UCD Process | (e) | Understand → Evaluate |
| 10 | Human Processor | (c) | Encode → Compare → Select → Execute |
| 11 | External Cognition | (b) | Graphs, maps, VR |
| 12 | Co-presence | (d) | Same physical space |
| 13 | Haptic Interface | (a) | Touch feedback |
| 14 | Contextual Menu | (d) | Pop-up / Right-click |
| 15 | Augmented Reality | (c) | Real + Virtual objects |
| 16 | Non-probability Sampling | (c), (d), (e) | Snowball, Convenience, Purposive |
| 17 | Triangulation | (d) | Multiple methods |
| 18 | Probes | (d) | Design, Tech, Provocative |
| 19 | Qualitative Analysis | (b), (d), (e) | Theme, Categories, Critical |
| 20 | Discourse Analysis | (a) | Meaning behind words |
| 21 | Prototype Fidelity | (a) | Level of detail |
| 22 | Conceptual Model | (b), (d), (e) | Concepts, Relationships, Mappings |
| 23 | Wicked Problems | (a) | Ill-defined |
| 24 | Expert Evaluation | (a), (b), (c) | Heuristic, Walkthrough, Predictive |
| 25 | Nielsen's Heuristics | All | Usability principles |
🎓 BIT UCSC Exam Tips
If you understand these concepts—not just memorize the answers—you'll be well prepared for similar MCQs and theory questions in the BIT UCSC IT4106 examination.
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