asyncio is a Python library that provides support for writing asynchronous code using coroutines, which are a special kind of function that can be paused and resumed, allowing other tasks to run in the meantime. Asynchronous programming is particularly useful when dealing with I/O-bound operations, such as network requests or reading/writing to files, where waiting for the operation to complete would otherwise block the entire program.
Here are some key concepts and components of asyncio:
Coroutines:
In the context of
asyncio, coroutines are functions defined with theasynckeyword. They can be paused with theawaitkeyword, allowing other coroutines to run in the meantime.Example:
- import asyncio async def my_coroutine(): print("Start") await asyncio.sleep(2) # Simulate an asynchronous operation print("End") asyncio.run(my_coroutine())
Event Loop:
- The core of
asynciois the event loop. It manages and schedules the execution of coroutines, tasks, and callbacks. - The
asyncio.run()function is used to run the main coroutine in a simple program. In more complex applications, you might create an event loop manually and run it usingloop.run_until_complete().
- The core of
Tasks:
A task is a higher-level abstraction that wraps a coroutine and allows it to be scheduled and executed by the event loop.
Tasks can be created using
asyncio.create_task().
import asyncio
async def my_coroutine():
print("Start")
await asyncio.sleep(2)
print("End")
async def main():
task = asyncio.create_task(my_coroutine())
await task
asyncio.run(main())
Future:
- A
Futurerepresents the result of an asynchronous operation that may not have completed yet. It is a low-level building block used byasyncioto manage the lifecycle of asynchronous tasks. - You can use
asyncio.ensure_future()to create aFuture.
- A
Asynchronous I/O:
asyncioprovides various functions to perform asynchronous I/O operations, such asasyncio.sleep()for sleeping without blocking the event loop, andasyncio.gather()for concurrently executing multiple coroutines.
import asyncio
async def foo():
await asyncio.sleep(1)
print("Foo")
async def bar():
await asyncio.sleep(2)
print("Bar")
async def main():
await asyncio.gather(foo(), bar())
asyncio.run(main())
In summary,
asyncio is a powerful tool for writing asynchronous code in Python, especially when dealing with I/O-bound operations. It enables efficient concurrency by allowing multiple tasks to run concurrently within a single-threaded event loop.git -c http.sslVerify=false clone git@gitlab.com:aaa/xxx/ccc/
git config http.sslVerify "false"
git -c http.sslVerify=false clone <path>
pip3 install
python -m pip install mitmproxy
python -m pip install apiclient
python -m pip --force-reinstall google-api-python-client
sudo pip install --upgrade google-api-python-client
pip install --force-reinstall google-api-python-client
pip3 install apiclient
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