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aiohttp is a Python library that provides an asynchronous HTTP client and server based on the asynchronous I/O (asyncio) framework. It is particularly useful for building asynchronous web applications, performing concurrent HTTP requests, and handling asynchronous websockets.
Here are some key aspects of aiohttp and its common use cases:
Asynchronous HTTP Client:
You can use aiohttp to make asynchronous HTTP requests to various endpoints. Asynchronous means that your code won't be blocked while waiting for the HTTP request to complete, allowing you to perform other tasks concurrently.
It supports making requests using various HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.) and handles things like cookies, headers, and more.
import aiohttp
import asyncio
async def fetch_data(url):
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
async with session.get(url) as response:
return await response.text()
async def main():
url = "https://example.com"
result = await fetch_data(url)
print(result)
asyncio.run(main())
Asynchronous Web Server:
aiohttp can be used to build asynchronous web servers. This is especially useful for handling a large number of concurrent connections efficiently.
It supports handling HTTP requests, routing, and serving static files. You can define routes and handlers using aiohttp.web module.
from aiohttp import web
async def handle(request):
return web.Response(text="Hello, world!")
app = web.Application()
app.router.add_get('/', handle)
if __name__ == '__main__':
web.run_app(app)
Websockets:
aiohttp includes support for asynchronous websockets. You can easily create a websocket server or connect to a websocket server.
import aiohttp
import asyncio
async def websocket_handler(request):
ws = web.WebSocketResponse()
await ws.prepare(request)
async for msg in ws:
if msg.type == aiohttp.WSMsgType.TEXT:
await ws.send_str("Hello, {}".format(msg.data))
elif msg.type == aiohttp.WSMsgType.ERROR:
print('ws connection closed with exception %s' %
ws.exception())
return ws
app = web.Application()
app.router.add_get('/websocket', websocket_handler)
if __name__ == '__main__':
web.run_app(app)
Middleware and Interceptors:
aiohttp allows you to use middleware to modify requests and responses. This can be useful for tasks like authentication, logging, and more.
from aiohttp import web
async def middleware_handler(request, handler):
print("Middleware before handling request")
response = await handler(request)
print("Middleware after handling request")
return response
async def handler(request):
print("Request handling")
return web.Response(text="Hello, world!")
app = web.Application(middlewares=[middleware_handler])
app.router.add_get('/', handler)
if __name__ == '__main__':
web.run_app(app)
aiohttp is a powerful library for building asynchronous web applications and performing concurrent network operations. It leverages Python's asyncio framework to provide efficient and scalable solutions for web development.
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