Saturday, January 27, 2024

Grade 3 Geography Cambridge Syllabus Looking at Sisikon Village Map of Switzerland Questions and Answers







Questions and Answers for Kids about Switzerland:

1. Q: What continent is Switzerland located in? A: Switzerland is located in Europe.

2. Q: How many people live in Switzerland? A: About eight million people live in Switzerland.

3. Q: What do we call a country that is completely surrounded by other countries? A: We call it "landlocked."

4. Q: Where does Rachel live in Switzerland? A: Rachel lives in a small village called Sisikon.

5. Q: How many people live in Sisikon? A: About 400 people live in Sisikon.

6. Q: What language do most people in Sisikon speak? A: Most people in Sisikon speak German.

7. Q: What is the average maximum temperature in Sisikon in January? A: The average maximum temperature in Sisikon in January is 2°C.

8. Q: What is the average maximum temperature in Sisikon in July? A: The average maximum temperature in Sisikon in July is 25°C.

9. Q: What are the main languages spoken in Sisikon? A: The main language spoken in Sisikon is German, but some people also speak Italian or French.

10. Q: Where is Sisikon located in Switzerland? A: Sisikon is in a small valley on the shores of Lake Lucerne.

11. Q: What are the snow-capped mountains of Switzerland called? A: The snow-capped mountains of Switzerland are called the Alps.

12. Q: Why do the Alps attract many holidaymakers in winter and summer? A: The Alps attract holidaymakers because of their snow-capped beauty and various outdoor activities in both winter and summer.

13. Q: How do roads and railways pass through the mountains and valleys in Switzerland? A: Long tunnels and bridges are used for roads and railways to pass through the mountains and across valleys.

14. Q: What is the employment situation in Sisikon? A: Sisikon has two shops, several hotels, guesthouses, and a campsite. There is also a main road and railway for transportation.

15. Q: What do farmers in Sisikon use the steep land for? A: Farmers in Sisikon use the steep land for grazing animals rather than growing crops.

16. Q: How do farmers feed their cattle in winter in Sisikon? A: In winter, cattle are kept indoors and fed on hay that was cut from the meadows during the summer.

17. Q: What do leisure boats do in Sisikon on Lake Lucerne? A: Leisure boats regularly call in at Sisikon and take passengers to other towns and villages on Lake Lucerne.

18. Q: What is done with some of the milk produced in Sisikon? A: Some of the milk is made into cheese.

19. Q: Why can't crops be grown around Sisikon? A: The soil is too thin, and the slopes are too steep for crops to be grown around Sisikon.

20. Q: How do farmers use the high mountain meadows in summer? A: Farmers graze their cattle on the high mountain meadows in summer.

21. Q: What is the purpose of keeping cattle in Sisikon? A: Farmers keep cattle for both meat and milk.

22. Q: What is the source of the large river that flows north through France, Germany, and the Netherlands? A: The large river's source is in Switzerland, and it flows north through France, Germany, and the Netherlands is the Rhine River.

23. Q: Name some of the surrounding countries of Switzerland. A: Some surrounding countries of Switzerland are Germany, France, Austria, and Italy.

24. Q: Which of these surrounding countries are also landlocked? A: Switzerland, Germany, and Austria are landlocked.

25. Q: What is the main focus of leisure boats on Lake Lucerne? A: Leisure boats focus on transporting passengers to other towns and villages on Lake Lucerne.

26. Q: How is the climate in Sisikon during summers? A: Summers in Sisikon are warm but fairly wet.

27. Q: How many shops does Sisikon have? A: Sisikon has two shops.

28. Q: What type of vehicles carry people and goods between Italy and Switzerland? A: Main roads and railways carry people and goods between Italy and Switzerland.

29. Q: What is the purpose of the campsite in Sisikon? A: The campsite allows holidaymakers to stay in Sisikon.

30. Q: Why do farmers keep cattle for meat and milk in Sisikon? 

A: Farmers keep cattle for meat and milk because of the steep land that is not suitable for growing crops.** 


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Looking at Switzerland

Switzerland is a small country in Europe with a population of about eight million. Being completely surrounded by other countries, it is considered "landlocked."

Sisikon Village

Rachel resides in Switzerland, specifically in a small village called Sisikon. Approximately 400 people inhabit Sisikon, where the primary language spoken is German. However, some residents also speak Italian or French. The weather in Sisikon varies, with an average maximum temperature of 2°C in January and 25°C in July. Summers are warm but fairly wet, while winters bring deep snow almost to the edge of the nearby lake.

Map of Switzerland

Sisikon is situated in a small valley along the shores of Lake Lucerne. The Alps, Switzerland's snow-capped mountains, significantly influence the climate, attracting many holidaymakers throughout the year. The region features long tunnels and bridges facilitating transportation through the mountains and valleys.

Employment and Land Use

Sisikon boasts two shops, various hotels, guesthouses, and a campsite for holidaymakers. The village is connected by a main road and railway, facilitating the movement of people and goods between Italy, Switzerland, and other parts of Europe. Leisure boats often visit Sisikon, offering transportation to neighboring towns and villages on Lake Lucerne.

Some of the milk produced in Sisikon is used to make cheese. In winter, cattle are kept indoors and fed with hay from summer meadows, as the steep terrain makes crop cultivation impractical.

Several small farms surround Sisikon, where farmers graze their cattle on high mountain meadows during the summer. The cattle are kept for both meat and milk. The challenging terrain around Sisikon makes it more suitable for grazing animals than growing crops.

Activities

  1. Finding Switzerland and Lake Lucerne:

    • a. Use an atlas to locate Switzerland and Lake Lucerne.
    • b. Identify the countries surrounding Switzerland.
    • c. Research and write a sentence or two about each surrounding country using reference books or the internet.
    • d. Identify the large river originating in Switzerland and flowing north through France, Germany, and the Netherlands.
  2. Countries with Coastlines and Landlocked Countries:

    • Identify which of the listed countries (Chad, Botswana, Bolivia, Bhutan, Austria, Australia, Zambia, Italy, Japan, Mali, Paraguay, China) have coastlines and which are landlocked.

Grade 6 History Chapter 1.4 Decoding Time How History Measures It Scholarship online class Question and Answers Pass paper Model papers GCE O/L A/L



0:00 Introduction to History and the Importance of Measuring Time:

0:10 History covers a long period of time.

0:20 Accurate measurement of time is crucial when studying history.

0:30 Methods to Measure Time in History:

0:40 Two primary methods are mentioned:

0:50 a. Before Christ (B.C.): Time period before the birth of Jesus Christ.

1:00 b. Anno Domini (A.D.): Time period after the birth of Jesus Christ.

1:10 Example Illustration:

1:20 Arahat Mahinda Thero: Arrived 250 years before the birth of Jesus Christ, hence considered to have occurred in 250 B.C.

1:30 King Mahasen: Started reigning 274 years after the birth of Jesus Christ, so his rule is considered to have started in 274 A.D.

1:40 Other Methods of Measuring Time:

1:50 Buddhist Years: Start from the day of the demise (Maha Parinibbana) of Lord Buddha, believed to be 544 B.C.

2:00 Saka Years: A Hindu calendar starting in 78 A.D., initiated by King Gauthamiputhra Sathakarni.

2:10 Hijri Years: A chronological method used by Muslims, starting in 622 A.D. with the arrival of Prophet Mohammad in Madeena.

2:20 Archaeological Methods:

2:30 Time can be calculated using various laboratory methods.

2:40 Archaeological excavation involves digging the earth systematically to reveal soil layers with deposits of ancient artifacts.


Historically Important Events and their Timeline:

2:50 Notable events mentioned with their corresponding timeline in A.D. and Buddhist Era.

3:00 Sri Lanka became an independent country in 1948 A.D.

3:10 King Mahasen's rule began in 274 A.D.

3:20 King Vasabha's rule began in 67 A.D.

3:30 Birth of Jesus Christ is noted as 1 A.D.

3:40 Demise (Maha Parinibbana) of Lord Buddha is placed at 544 B.C.


Conclusion:

3:50 The text emphasizes that many historical artifacts are buried, and history can be learned by carefully excavating the earth.

This detailed explanation provides a comprehensive overview of how time is measured in history using various methods and includes examples to illustrate the concepts.


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 1.4 How Does History Measure Time?

 History means a long period of time. It is important to measure it (time) accurately, 

when we study history. There are a few methods to measure the time of history 

in which many events had happened. The two methods used most frequently are;

  (a). Before Christ (B.C.)

 (b). Anno Domini (A.D.


These two methods are based on the year of birth of Jesus Christ. Accordingly,

 The time period before the birth of Jesus Christ is called ‘before Christ (B.C.)’,

 The time period after the birth of Jesus Christ is known as ‘Anno Domini (A.D.).

 Let’s get this clarified through an example; Arahat Mahinda Thero arrived 

in our country 250 years before the birth of Jesus Christ. Hence, it is considered 

that this event took place in 250 B.C.


 King Mahasen who constructed Minneriya    tank, started reigning Sri 

Lanka, 274 years after the birth of Jesus Christ. Therefore, it is considered that his 

rule started in 274 A.D.


 In addition to what has been mentioned above, Buddhist years and Saka years are 

sometimes used to show the time. These methods had been used in ancient India 

and Sri Lanka. You may have seen that these two types of methods are mentioned 

in almanacs in our houses. These two methods are used to calculate historical 

time on some occasions even today.  Buddhist years start since the day on 

which the demise (Maha Parinibbana) of the Lord Buddha took place. Although 

scholars hold different views of the year in which the demise of the Lord Buddha 

took place, the general belief is that it happened five hundred and forty four 

years before the birth of Jesus Christ, that was in 544 B.C


The system of Saka years is a calendar of Hindus. It started in 78 A.D. The king 

Gauthamiputhra Sathakarni who ruled the Western India started Saka year system in 

memory of the victory gained over the areas of the Saka people. 

There is a chronological method used by Muslims to calculate time in celebrating their religious festivals. It is called Hijri years. It started in 622 A.D. It was the year in which Prophet Mohammad, the leader of the Islam religion, arrived in the city of Madeena from Mecca.     


 In addition to these methods, there are a number of methods used in laboratories 

to calculate the ancient history of some hundred thousand years.  Time 

can be calculated by digging the earth systematically too. This process is known 

as archaeological excavation. When the earth is excavated, soil layers under the 

earth could be seen. Various things, which belonged to the past and did not decay 


For more guidance !!!

Online Individual / Group classes in English / Sinhala / Tamil. Sample Projects/Assignments Exam Papers, Tutorials, Notes and Answers will we provided.


CALL +94 777 33 7279 | EMAIL  ITCLASSSL@GMAIL.COM

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Questions and Answers about History Measurement:

1. Q: What is history, according to the text? A: History is a long period of time.

2. Q: Why is it important to measure time accurately when studying history? A: Accurate time measurement is crucial for understanding historical events.

3. Q: What are the two most frequently used methods to measure historical time? A: (a) Before Christ (B.C.) and (b) Anno Domini (A.D.).

4. Q: On what is the Before Christ (B.C.) and Anno Domini (A.D.) methods based? A: These methods are based on the year of birth of Jesus Christ.

5. Q: How is the time period before the birth of Jesus Christ referred to? A: It is called ‘Before Christ (B.C.)’.

6. Q: What is the term used for the time period after the birth of Jesus Christ? A: It is known as ‘Anno Domini (A.D.)’.

7. Q: Provide an example of using the B.C. method from the text. A: Arahat Mahinda Thero arrived 250 years before the birth of Jesus Christ, considered to be in 250 B.C.

8. Q: When did King Mahasen start reigning Sri Lanka according to the text? A: King Mahasen started ruling Sri Lanka 274 years after the birth of Jesus Christ, in 274 A.D.

9. Q: Besides B.C. and A.D., what are the other methods mentioned in the text for measuring time? A: Buddhist years and Saka years.

10. Q: What event marks the starting point of Buddhist years? A: The demise (Maha Parinibbana) of the Lord Buddha.

11. Q: In which year is the demise of the Lord Buddha generally believed to have occurred? A: It is believed to have happened in 544 B.C.

12. Q: What is the Saka year system, and when did it start? A: The Saka year system is a Hindu calendar that started in 78 A.D.

13. Q: Why did Gauthamiputhra Sathakarni start the Saka year system? A: He started it in memory of the victory gained over the areas of the Saka people.

14. Q: What is the chronological method used by Muslims to calculate time? A: It is called Hijri years, starting in 622 A.D.

15. Q: What significant event marks the start of the Hijri years? A: The arrival of Prophet Mohammad in the city of Madeena from Mecca.

16. Q: Besides historical calendars, what other methods are mentioned for calculating ancient history? A: Methods used in laboratories and archaeological excavation.

17. Q: What is archaeological excavation, as mentioned in the text? A: It is the systematic digging of the earth to uncover soil layers and various artifacts from the past.

18. Q: How is time calculated in laboratories for ancient history? A: Through various scientific methods used in laboratories.

19. Q: What process is known as archaeological excavation? A: Archaeological excavation is the systematic digging of the earth to uncover historical artifacts.

20. Q: What can be seen when the earth is excavated during archaeological excavation? A: Soil layers under the earth and various things from the past that did not decay.




Tuesday, January 16, 2024

Grade 6 History Unit 1.3 Benefits of Learning History Have you ever wondered why we study things that happened a long time ago? Well, let's dive into the exciting world of history and discover the amazing benefits it brings to our present and future!


 


For more guidance !!!


Online Individual / Group classes in English / Sinhala / Tamil. Sample Projects/Assignments Exam Papers, Tutorials, Notes and Answers will we provided.



1.3 Benefits of Learning History  You might think whether there is any use of learning about the things which occurred in the past. Though they belong 

to the past, we can use the message given by them to make our present better. Let’s try to explain this fact with a simple example. One of the serious problems 

that we face today is the unfavourable environmental condition caused as a result of utilizing insecticides and chemical manure. 


But in the past, Sri Lanka was known as the Granary of the East because of the successful methods practised in agriculture. There is not any evidence 

which tells us that there existed any environmental pollution that can be seen today.


 A means to solve our present problem can be found by understanding how people were engaged in agriculture in an environmental friendly way in the past.

 We need to look back at the history to understand how the things that we see and hear at present came into existence. 


For example, one day you may wonder how the scripts that you write today were formed. Perhaps one of your friends may ask you the same question. To understand 

the evolution of scripts, its history has to be studied.  


By gaining a good understanding of the successes and failures of our ancestors, we can have a guidance to solve the problems that we face today. Furthermore, the light of that knowledge guides us to have an understanding of how our future should be and how our country can be developed in the future.


 250 B.C.

 1200 A.D.

 250 A.D. 800 A.D.

The way how the Sinhala letter ‘l’ evolved into its present form.




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1.3 Benefits of Learning History


Have you ever wondered why we study things that happened a long time ago? Well, let's dive into the exciting world of history and discover the amazing benefits it brings to our present and future!


Understanding the Past to Improve the Present:

You might be thinking, "Why bother with the past?" But guess what? The stories from history carry valuable messages that can help us make our present better. Let me give you a simple example. Today, we face a big problem – environmental conditions are not so great due to the use of insecticides and chemical manure. However, if we look back, Sri Lanka was once known as the Granary of the East because of its successful and environmentally friendly agricultural methods. Learning how people did it in the past can guide us to solve our present environmental challenges.


Scripts and Their Evolution:

Ever wondered how the scripts you write today came to be? Imagine a friend asking you the same question! To understand the evolution of scripts, we need to study their history. In Sri Lanka, writing scripts has a fascinating history of about 2,250 years! For instance, let's take the Sinhala letter 'l' – understanding how it evolved over time, as shown in Figure 1.3, helps us appreciate the history of writing in our country.


Learning from Ancestors' Successes and Failures:

By digging into the successes and failures of our ancestors, we gain valuable guidance to solve the problems we face today. Whether it's figuring out environmental issues or understanding the development of our writing system, history acts like a wise mentor. This knowledge also lights the way for us to envision how our future should be and how we can develop our country in the years to come.


A Glimpse into the Evolution of Sinhala Letter 'l':

Check out Figure 1.3, which shows how the Sinhala letter 'l' transformed over time – from 250 B.C. to 800 A.D. Understanding this evolution is like taking a journey through time to see how our language developed.


In conclusion, studying history is not just about memorizing old facts; it's a fascinating adventure that helps us learn from the past, improve the present, and shape a bright future for ourselves and our country. 🌟🕰️📚


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