Grade 6 History Chapter 1.4 Decoding Time How History Measures It Scholarship online class Question and Answers Pass paper Model papers GCE O/L A/L

0:00 Introduction to History and the Importance of Measuring Time:

0:10 History covers a long period of time.

0:20 Accurate measurement of time is crucial when studying history.

0:30 Methods to Measure Time in History:

0:40 Two primary methods are mentioned:

0:50 a. Before Christ (B.C.): Time period before the birth of Jesus Christ.

1:00 b. Anno Domini (A.D.): Time period after the birth of Jesus Christ.

1:10 Example Illustration:

1:20 Arahat Mahinda Thero: Arrived 250 years before the birth of Jesus Christ, hence considered to have occurred in 250 B.C.

1:30 King Mahasen: Started reigning 274 years after the birth of Jesus Christ, so his rule is considered to have started in 274 A.D.

1:40 Other Methods of Measuring Time:

1:50 Buddhist Years: Start from the day of the demise (Maha Parinibbana) of Lord Buddha, believed to be 544 B.C.

2:00 Saka Years: A Hindu calendar starting in 78 A.D., initiated by King Gauthamiputhra Sathakarni.

2:10 Hijri Years: A chronological method used by Muslims, starting in 622 A.D. with the arrival of Prophet Mohammad in Madeena.

2:20 Archaeological Methods:

2:30 Time can be calculated using various laboratory methods.

2:40 Archaeological excavation involves digging the earth systematically to reveal soil layers with deposits of ancient artifacts.

Historically Important Events and their Timeline:

2:50 Notable events mentioned with their corresponding timeline in A.D. and Buddhist Era.

3:00 Sri Lanka became an independent country in 1948 A.D.

3:10 King Mahasen's rule began in 274 A.D.

3:20 King Vasabha's rule began in 67 A.D.

3:30 Birth of Jesus Christ is noted as 1 A.D.

3:40 Demise (Maha Parinibbana) of Lord Buddha is placed at 544 B.C.

Conclusion:

3:50 The text emphasizes that many historical artifacts are buried, and history can be learned by carefully excavating the earth.

This detailed explanation provides a comprehensive overview of how time is measured in history using various methods and includes examples to illustrate the concepts.

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 1.4 How Does History Measure Time?

 History means a long period of time. It is important to measure it (time) accurately, 

when we study history. There are a few methods to measure the time of history 

in which many events had happened. The two methods used most frequently are;

  (a). Before Christ (B.C.)

 (b). Anno Domini (A.D.

These two methods are based on the year of birth of Jesus Christ. Accordingly,

 The time period before the birth of Jesus Christ is called ‘before Christ (B.C.)’,

 The time period after the birth of Jesus Christ is known as ‘Anno Domini (A.D.).

 Let’s get this clarified through an example; Arahat Mahinda Thero arrived 

in our country 250 years before the birth of Jesus Christ. Hence, it is considered 

that this event took place in 250 B.C.

 King Mahasen who constructed Minneriya    tank, started reigning Sri 

Lanka, 274 years after the birth of Jesus Christ. Therefore, it is considered that his 

rule started in 274 A.D.

 In addition to what has been mentioned above, Buddhist years and Saka years are 

sometimes used to show the time. These methods had been used in ancient India 

and Sri Lanka. You may have seen that these two types of methods are mentioned 

in almanacs in our houses. These two methods are used to calculate historical 

time on some occasions even today.  Buddhist years start since the day on 

which the demise (Maha Parinibbana) of the Lord Buddha took place. Although 

scholars hold different views of the year in which the demise of the Lord Buddha 

took place, the general belief is that it happened five hundred and forty four 

years before the birth of Jesus Christ, that was in 544 B.C

The system of Saka years is a calendar of Hindus. It started in 78 A.D. The king 

Gauthamiputhra Sathakarni who ruled the Western India started Saka year system in 

memory of the victory gained over the areas of the Saka people. 

There is a chronological method used by Muslims to calculate time in celebrating their religious festivals. It is called Hijri years. It started in 622 A.D. It was the year in which Prophet Mohammad, the leader of the Islam religion, arrived in the city of Madeena from Mecca.     

 In addition to these methods, there are a number of methods used in laboratories 

to calculate the ancient history of some hundred thousand years.  Time 

can be calculated by digging the earth systematically too. This process is known 

as archaeological excavation. When the earth is excavated, soil layers under the 

earth could be seen. Various things, which belonged to the past and did not decay 

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Questions and Answers about History Measurement:

1. Q: What is history, according to the text? A: History is a long period of time.

2. Q: Why is it important to measure time accurately when studying history? A: Accurate time measurement is crucial for understanding historical events.

3. Q: What are the two most frequently used methods to measure historical time? A: (a) Before Christ (B.C.) and (b) Anno Domini (A.D.).

4. Q: On what is the Before Christ (B.C.) and Anno Domini (A.D.) methods based? A: These methods are based on the year of birth of Jesus Christ.

5. Q: How is the time period before the birth of Jesus Christ referred to? A: It is called ‘Before Christ (B.C.)’.

6. Q: What is the term used for the time period after the birth of Jesus Christ? A: It is known as ‘Anno Domini (A.D.)’.

7. Q: Provide an example of using the B.C. method from the text. A: Arahat Mahinda Thero arrived 250 years before the birth of Jesus Christ, considered to be in 250 B.C.

8. Q: When did King Mahasen start reigning Sri Lanka according to the text? A: King Mahasen started ruling Sri Lanka 274 years after the birth of Jesus Christ, in 274 A.D.

9. Q: Besides B.C. and A.D., what are the other methods mentioned in the text for measuring time? A: Buddhist years and Saka years.

10. Q: What event marks the starting point of Buddhist years? A: The demise (Maha Parinibbana) of the Lord Buddha.

11. Q: In which year is the demise of the Lord Buddha generally believed to have occurred? A: It is believed to have happened in 544 B.C.

12. Q: What is the Saka year system, and when did it start? A: The Saka year system is a Hindu calendar that started in 78 A.D.

13. Q: Why did Gauthamiputhra Sathakarni start the Saka year system? A: He started it in memory of the victory gained over the areas of the Saka people.

14. Q: What is the chronological method used by Muslims to calculate time? A: It is called Hijri years, starting in 622 A.D.

15. Q: What significant event marks the start of the Hijri years? A: The arrival of Prophet Mohammad in the city of Madeena from Mecca.

16. Q: Besides historical calendars, what other methods are mentioned for calculating ancient history? A: Methods used in laboratories and archaeological excavation.

17. Q: What is archaeological excavation, as mentioned in the text? A: It is the systematic digging of the earth to uncover soil layers and various artifacts from the past.

18. Q: How is time calculated in laboratories for ancient history? A: Through various scientific methods used in laboratories.

19. Q: What process is known as archaeological excavation? A: Archaeological excavation is the systematic digging of the earth to uncover historical artifacts.

20. Q: What can be seen when the earth is excavated during archaeological excavation? A: Soil layers under the earth and various things from the past that did not decay.

Grade 6 History Unit 1.3 Benefits of Learning History Have you ever wondered why we study things that happened a long time ago? Well, let's dive into the exciting world of history and discover the amazing benefits it brings to our present and future!

 

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1.3 Benefits of Learning History  You might think whether there is any use of learning about the things which occurred in the past. Though they belong 

to the past, we can use the message given by them to make our present better. Let’s try to explain this fact with a simple example. One of the serious problems 

that we face today is the unfavourable environmental condition caused as a result of utilizing insecticides and chemical manure. 

But in the past, Sri Lanka was known as the Granary of the East because of the successful methods practised in agriculture. There is not any evidence 

which tells us that there existed any environmental pollution that can be seen today.

 A means to solve our present problem can be found by understanding how people were engaged in agriculture in an environmental friendly way in the past.

 We need to look back at the history to understand how the things that we see and hear at present came into existence. 

For example, one day you may wonder how the scripts that you write today were formed. Perhaps one of your friends may ask you the same question. To understand 

the evolution of scripts, its history has to be studied.  

By gaining a good understanding of the successes and failures of our ancestors, we can have a guidance to solve the problems that we face today. Furthermore, the light of that knowledge guides us to have an understanding of how our future should be and how our country can be developed in the future.

 250 B.C.

 1200 A.D.

 250 A.D. 800 A.D.

The way how the Sinhala letter ‘l’ evolved into its present form.

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1.3 Benefits of Learning History

Have you ever wondered why we study things that happened a long time ago? Well, let's dive into the exciting world of history and discover the amazing benefits it brings to our present and future!

Understanding the Past to Improve the Present:

You might be thinking, "Why bother with the past?" But guess what? The stories from history carry valuable messages that can help us make our present better. Let me give you a simple example. Today, we face a big problem – environmental conditions are not so great due to the use of insecticides and chemical manure. However, if we look back, Sri Lanka was once known as the Granary of the East because of its successful and environmentally friendly agricultural methods. Learning how people did it in the past can guide us to solve our present environmental challenges.

Scripts and Their Evolution:

Ever wondered how the scripts you write today came to be? Imagine a friend asking you the same question! To understand the evolution of scripts, we need to study their history. In Sri Lanka, writing scripts has a fascinating history of about 2,250 years! For instance, let's take the Sinhala letter 'l' – understanding how it evolved over time, as shown in Figure 1.3, helps us appreciate the history of writing in our country.

Learning from Ancestors' Successes and Failures:

By digging into the successes and failures of our ancestors, we gain valuable guidance to solve the problems we face today. Whether it's figuring out environmental issues or understanding the development of our writing system, history acts like a wise mentor. This knowledge also lights the way for us to envision how our future should be and how we can develop our country in the years to come.

A Glimpse into the Evolution of Sinhala Letter 'l':

Check out Figure 1.3, which shows how the Sinhala letter 'l' transformed over time – from 250 B.C. to 800 A.D. Understanding this evolution is like taking a journey through time to see how our language developed.

In conclusion, studying history is not just about memorizing old facts; it's a fascinating adventure that helps us learn from the past, improve the present, and shape a bright future for ourselves and our country. 🌟🕰️📚

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Grade 6 History 101: A Fun Journey into the Past by Online's Workspace Sri Lanka GCE OL AL Sources to Study the History of Sri Lanka

 00:00:00 Looking back at the past and learning what has happened belong to studying history.

00:01:00 History 101: A Fun Journey into the Past by Online's Workspace

00:02:00 What is History?

00:03:00 How to Study History

00:03:15 Sources to Study the History of Sri Lanka

1.1 What is History?

People have been living on this earth for quite a long time. During that time,

(a) They have lived in different parts of the world.

(b) They have made their environment conducive for their living.

(c) They have maintained relationships with each other.

The story that describes these past events is history. In short, history means studying and describing the details of the people who lived in the past.

1.2 How to Study History...

We did not exist thousand years ago.

Therefore, we do not have any knowledge of what happened in the past. Pay your attention to what is given below.

(a) I haven’t seen my grandfather’s  mother.

(b) I haven’t seen how my school was built.

(c) I do not know about the elders who  served our village.

All of those events belong to the history of your life. Then, how do you know about them?

(a) My father has told me about the mother of my grandfather.

(b) An article in our school magazine has described how my school was constructed.

(c) Our principal sir told us about the elders who served our village, in the school assembly.

When you learn history, you may have questions such as these;

(a) What was the shape of the throne on which our kings had sat?

(b) What type of currency was used in our country in ancient times?

 Such a throne has been placed in the Colombo National Museum.

 We have seen many old coins kept in the museum.

You can realize what a throne is by seeing it with your own eyes. We are able to get some knowledge about coins by seeing them.

We learn history referring to books written in ancient times; if not, with the help of the remaining articles used by the people who lived in the past. In addition to these two ways, we can learn about history through stories about the past narrated by our elders. There is a common term used to introduce everything which helps us to study history; that is ‘a source’.

Many things about history can be learnt from the elders.

There are two types of sources which are useful to study history.

(a) Literary sources – (ancient written records such as old books and folktales)

(b) Archaeological sources – (what is remaining now, which belonged to the past, such as old articles, building constructions and their ruins)

Examples:

Human skeletons, various things left after being used by man for his food.

Some sources which are helpful to study the history of Sri Lanka

Source Type Time of composition /

construction Author

Deepawamsa Literary Source 4th Century AD Not known

Mahawamsa Literary Source 5th Century AD

Mahanama Thero of

Diksanda Senewiya Pirivena, which was affiliated to

Mahawiharaya

Galvihara in

Polonnaruwa

Archaeological

Source 12th Century AD King

Parakramabahu I

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Questions and Answers for Grade 6 History Students

Q1: What does it mean to study history?

A1: Studying history involves looking back at the past and learning about past events and the people who lived during those times.

Q2: According to the passage, what are the key components of history?

A2: The key components of history include people living in different parts of the world, creating a conducive environment, and maintaining relationships with each other.

Q3: In brief, how is history described?

A3: History is described as the study and narration of the details of people who lived in the past.

Q4: Why is it mentioned that we did not exist a thousand years ago?

A4: It is mentioned to highlight the fact that we lack direct knowledge of what happened in the past because we were not present at that time.

Q5: How do we learn about events from our own personal history?

A5: We learn about events from our personal history through sources such as family members, articles, and stories shared in various settings.

Q6: What is the significance of learning about the past events in our lives?

A6: Learning about past events in our lives helps us understand our roots, heritage, and the experiences of those who came before us.

Q7: Provide examples of personal historical events mentioned in the passage.

A7: Examples include not seeing one's grandfather's mother, the construction of a school, and learning about elders who served a village.

Q8: How can we learn about historical events related to ancient kings and currencies?

A8: We can learn about ancient kings and currencies by studying historical artifacts such as thrones and coins in places like museums.

Q9: What are the two main ways mentioned for learning history?

A9: The two main ways are through books written in ancient times and by studying the remaining articles used by people who lived in the past.

Q10: What is the common term used to introduce everything that helps us study history?

A10: The common term used is 'a source.'

Q11: Name the two types of sources mentioned in the passage.

A11: The two types of sources are literary sources (ancient written records) and archaeological sources (remaining artifacts and ruins).

Q12: Provide examples of literary sources.

A12: Examples of literary sources include old books and folktales.

Q13: What are archaeological sources, and give examples?

A13: Archaeological sources are what remains now from the past, such as old articles, building constructions, and ruins. Examples include human skeletons and items used for food.

Q14: Name a literary source and its time of composition mentioned in the passage.

A14: Deepawamsa, composed in the 4th Century AD, is a literary source mentioned in the passage.

Q15: Which king is associated with the archaeological source Galvihara in Polonnaruwa?

A15: King Parakramabahu I is associated with Galvihara in Polonnaruwa.

Q16: What is Mahawamsa, and who was its author?

A16: Mahawamsa is a literary source composed in the 5th Century AD, and its author is Mahanama Thero of Diksanda Senewiya Pirivena.

Q17: How do we learn about the history of Sri Lanka according to the passage?

A17: We learn about the history of Sri Lanka through literary sources like Deepawamsa and Mahawamsa, as well as archaeological sources like Galvihara in Polonnaruwa.

Q18: Why are literary sources important for studying history?

A18: Literary sources, such as old books and folktales, provide written records that offer insights into the past, helping us study history.

Q19: Explain the role of archaeological sources in studying history.

A19: Archaeological sources, including artifacts and ruins, provide tangible evidence from the past, aiding in the study of history.

Q20: Why is it mentioned that we can learn about history through stories narrated by elders?

A20: Stories narrated by elders contribute to learning history by providing a verbal account of past events and experiences.

Q21: What is the Colombo National Museum mentioned in the passage?

A21: The Colombo National Museum is mentioned as a place where historical artifacts, such as thrones, are displayed.

Q22: How can seeing artifacts contribute to learning history?

A22: Seeing artifacts allows individuals to visualize historical objects, gaining a better understanding of their significance and the historical context.

Q23: What is the importance of studying the history of ancient currencies?

A23: Studying the history of ancient currencies provides insights into economic systems, trade practices, and the cultural aspects of a society.

Q24: How do literary sources differ from archaeological sources?

A24: Literary sources are written records, while archaeological sources are tangible remains from the past, such as artifacts and ruins.

Q25: Why is the term 'a source' considered common in studying history?

A25: The term 'a source' is common because it encompasses both literary and archaeological materials that aid in the study of history.

Q26: Explain the role of Mahanama Thero in the composition of Mahawamsa.

A26: Mahanama Thero of Diksanda Senewiya Pirivena, affiliated with Mahawiharaya, was the author of Mahawamsa, composed in the 5th Century AD.

Q27: Provide an example of an archaeological source associated with King Parakramabahu I.

A27: Galvihara in Polonnaruwa is an archaeological source associated with King Parakramabahu I.

Q28: What are some examples of items left after being used by humans for food, mentioned as archaeological sources?

A28: Human skeletons and various items left after being used for food are examples of archaeological sources mentioned in the passage.

Q29: Explain the significance of Deepawamsa as a literary source.

A29: Deepawamsa, composed in the 4th Century AD, is a significant literary source providing historical information about ancient times.

Q30: How can stories narrated by elders contribute to understanding historical events?

A30: Stories narrated by elders provide a firsthand account of historical events, contributing to a better understanding of the past.

Q31: Why is it important to study the history of Sri Lanka?

A31: Studying the history of Sri Lanka is important for understanding the cultural, social, and political development of the country over time.

Q32: In what ways can ancient books help us learn about history?

A32: Ancient books serve as literary sources, offering written records that provide information about historical events, cultures, and societies.

Q33: What is the significance of knowing about the elders who served a village?

A33: Knowing about the elders who served a village helps preserve the history and traditions of the community, fostering a sense of identity and continuity.

Q34: Explain the concept of "a source" and its role in studying history.

A34: "A source" is a term used to describe everything that aids in the study of history, including literary and archaeological materials, providing valuable information about the past.

Q35: How do literary sources and archaeological sources complement each other in studying history?

A35: Literary sources and archaeological sources complement each other by offering both written records and tangible artifacts, providing a more comprehensive understanding of historical events.

Q36: Why is it mentioned that studying history involves learning about relationships?

A36: Studying history involves learning about relationships to understand how people interacted with each other in the past, contributing to the social and cultural fabric of societies.

Q37: What role do school magazines play in learning personal history?

A37: School magazines can serve as a source for learning personal history by documenting events like the construction of schools and other significant occurrences.

Q38: How can a visit to the Colombo National Museum contribute to learning history?

A38: A visit to the Colombo National Museum allows individuals to see historical artifacts, such as thrones, providing a visual understanding of the past.

Q39: Why is it important to preserve and study archaeological sources?

A39: Preserving and studying archaeological sources is important because they offer tangible evidence from the past, contributing to our understanding of historical events, cultures, and societies.

Q40: How can the study of ancient currencies help in understanding a society?

A40: The study of ancient currencies can help in understanding a society by providing insights into its economic systems, trade practices, and cultural values.

Q41: Name one literary source and one archaeological source mentioned in the passage.

A41: Deepawamsa is a literary source, and Galvihara in Polonnaruwa is an archaeological source mentioned in the passage.

Q42: What is the role of Mahawamsa in preserving historical information?

A42: Mahawamsa, composed in the 5th Century AD by Mahanama Thero, plays a crucial role in preserving historical information about ancient times.

Q43: How do literary sources differ from personal narratives in learning history?

A43: Literary sources are written records, while personal narratives are firsthand accounts shared by individuals, both contributing to the study of history.

Q44: Why is it mentioned that learning history involves asking questions?

A44: Learning history involves asking questions to seek answers and gain a deeper understanding of past events, cultures, and societies.

Q45: What is the role of elders in transmitting historical knowledge?

A45: Elders play a role in transmitting historical knowledge through the stories they narrate, providing insights into the traditions and experiences of the past.

Q46: How can the study of ancient coins contribute to historical understanding?

A46: The study of ancient coins can contribute to historical understanding by providing insights into economic systems, trade routes, and cultural exchanges.

Q47: Why are human skeletons mentioned as archaeological sources?

A47: Human skeletons are mentioned as archaeological sources because they provide information about ancient populations, their health, and burial practices.

Q48: Explain the significance of the 12th-century archaeological source Galvihara.

A48: Galvihara, an archaeological source associated with King Parakramabahu I, includes ruins and statues, contributing to the understanding of ancient Sri Lankan history.

Q49: What types of questions might arise when learning about history, according to the passage?

A49: Questions might include inquiries about the shape of thrones, types of ancient currency, and other aspects that can be explored through historical artifacts and written records.

Q50: How can literary sources and stories from elders provide different perspectives on historical events?

A50: Literary sources offer written records, while stories from elders provide a more personal and oral perspective, enriching the understanding of historical events from different angles.