GCE A/L ICT – Unit 1 (Competency 1.1) Sri Lanka Schools AL ICT Basic Concepts of ICT (ICT Grade 12 Lesson 1 )

📘 GCE A/L ICT – Unit 1 (Competency 1.1)

Topic: Investigates the basic building blocks of information and their characteristics

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🔹 1. Data Life Cycle

• Definition: The sequence of stages that data goes through from creation to deletion.

• Stages:

  1. Data Creation

     • Collection of raw facts (numbers, text, images, sounds, etc.).

     • Sources: manual entry, sensors, IoT devices, transactions, surveys.

     • Example: Entering marks into a computer, scanning barcodes.

  2. Data Management

     • Organizing, storing, and maintaining data for effective use.

     • Includes: validation, updating, securing, and backup.

     • Ensures data quality (accuracy, consistency, availability).

  3. Removal of Obsolete Data

     • Discarding outdated, redundant, or irrelevant data.

     • Improves storage efficiency and system performance.

     • Ensures compliance with data protection/privacy laws.

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🔹 2. Data vs. Information

• Data

  • Raw, unprocessed facts and figures.

  • Has no meaning on its own.

  • Examples: 45, Apple, 2025-09-16.

• Information

  • Processed, organized, or structured data with meaning.

  • Helps decision-making.

  • Example: “The student scored 45 marks in ICT on 16th Sept 2025.”

• Key Difference

  • Data = raw input

  • Information = meaningful output

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🔹 3. Definition of Information

• Information is processed data presented in a meaningful context that reduces uncertainty and supports decision-making.

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🔹 4. Characteristics of Valuable Information

• Timeliness

  • Information should be available when required.

  • Late information loses value.

  • Example: Weather forecast before travel.

• Accuracy

  • Free from errors, reliable.

  • Incorrect data leads to wrong decisions.

• Presented within Context

  • Information must relate to the purpose.

  • Example: Marks shown with subject and student name.

• Enhanced Understandability

  • Easy to interpret and use.

  • Example: Graphs, tables, charts for clarity.

• Less Uncertainty

  • Should help in making confident decisions.

  • Example: Sales report reducing doubts about performance.

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🔹 5. The Need to Handle Large Volumes & Complexities of Data

• Modern society generates massive amounts of data (emails, social media, business transactions, IoT sensors).

• Challenges:

  • Storage management

  • Speed of processing

  • Data security & privacy

  • Extracting useful insights

• Solution: Big Data technologies and analytics (Hadoop, Spark, AI, Cloud computing).

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🔹 6. Data, Process, and Information Relationship

• Data → Process → Information

  • Data: raw input

  • Process: actions applied (sorting, calculating, analyzing)

  • Information: useful output

• Example:

  • Data: Marks of students

  • Process: Calculating averages

  • Information: “Class average is 72 marks.”

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🔹 7. Various Forms of Data & Their Characteristics

• Types of Data:

  • Text – words, documents.

  • Numeric – numbers, measurements.

  • Audio – sounds, music, voice.

  • Video – moving images.

  • Image/Graphics – pictures, diagrams.

  • Symbols/Codes – barcodes, QR codes, binary.

• Characteristics of Quality Data

  • Accuracy

  • Completeness

  • Consistency

  • Relevance

  • Reliability

  • Timeliness

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🔹 8. Big Data, Its Need & Analysis

• Big Data: Extremely large datasets that cannot be handled by traditional databases.

• Characteristics (5Vs):

  • Volume – huge amounts of data.

  • Velocity – speed of data generation.

  • Variety – different formats (structured, unstructured, semi-structured).

  • Veracity – accuracy and reliability.

  • Value – usefulness of data.

• Need:

  • To identify patterns, trends, predictions.

  • Used in healthcare, business, government, education.

• Analysis Tools: Data mining, Machine Learning, AI analytics, Cloud platforms.

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✅ Summary (Quick Revision Points)

• Data life cycle → creation, management, removal.

• Data = raw facts; Information = processed meaningful data.

• Valuable info → timely, accurate, contextual, understandable, reduces uncertainty.

• Data, process, information are interconnected.

• Data forms → text, numbers, images, audio, video.

• Quality data → accurate, complete, consistent, relevant.

• Big Data → huge, complex datasets requiring advanced analysis.

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📚 Flashcards – GCE A/L ICT Unit 1 (Basic Concepts of ICT)

Life Cycle of Data

Q: What are the stages of the data life cycle?
A: Data creation, data management, and removal of obsolete data.

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Data vs Information

Q: Define information.
A: Information is processed, organized data that is meaningful and useful.

Q: What are the characteristics of valuable information?
A: Timeliness, accuracy, context, understandability, and less uncertainty.

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Applicability of Information

Q: How is information applied in daily life?
A: For decision making, policymaking, predictions, planning, scheduling, and monitoring.

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Drawbacks of Manual Methods

Q: What are the drawbacks of manual methods in data handling?
A: Inconsistency and duplication, errors, lack of sharing, inefficiency in harmful/risky situations.

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Emergence of ICT Era

Q: Why did the ICT era emerge?
A: To overcome drawbacks of manual methods using IT.

Q: Where is ICT information used?
A: Education, healthcare, agriculture, business, engineering, tourism, media, journalism, and law enforcement.

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Development of Technologies

Q: What are key ICT technologies?
A: Information retrieval and sharing systems, computer networks, Internet & WWW, mobile computing, cloud computing.

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Abstract Model of Information Creation

Q: What is the abstract model of information creation?
A: Input → Process → Output.

Q: How does it apply to ICT?
A: Computers use hardware, software, and human operators to perform these stages.

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Hardware, Software, Human Operators

Q: How is hardware classified?
A: Input devices, output devices, processing devices, storage devices.

Q: How is software classified?
A: System software and application software.

Q: Why are human operators important in ICT systems?
A: To manage, supervise, and control ICT operations.

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Steps in Data Processing

Q: What are the steps in data processing?
A: Data gathering, data validation, data processing, data output, data storage.

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Data Gathering

Q: What are methods of data gathering?
A: Manual, semi-automated, and automated.

Q: What are tools for automated data gathering?
A: OMR, OCR, MICR, card/tape readers, magnetic strip readers, bar code readers, sensors, loggers.

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Data Validation

Q: What are data validation methods?
A: Data type check, presence check, range check.

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Data Input

Q: What are the modes of data input?
A: Direct vs. remote, online vs. offline.

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Data Processing Types

Q: What are the two main data processing types?
A: Batch processing and real-time processing.

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Output Methods

Q: What are output methods?
A: Direct presentation to the user, or storing for further processing.

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Storage Methods

Q: What are types of storage?
A: Local vs. remote (cloud); short-term vs. long-term storage.

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Application of ICT in Various Sectors

Q: List some sectors where ICT is applied.
A: Education, healthcare, agriculture, business & finance, engineering, tourism, media/journalism, law enforcement.

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Benefits of ICT

Q: What are benefits of ICT?
A: Social benefits (connectivity, communication), economic benefits (growth, jobs, productivity).

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Issues of ICT

Q: What issues arise from ICT?
A: Social, economic, environmental, ethical, legal, privacy, and digital divide.

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Security Concerns

Q: What are main ICT security concerns?
A: Confidentiality, stealing/phishing, piracy, copyright/IP laws, plagiarism, licensed vs unlicensed software.

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Full list of HTML5 elements grouped with meaning and examples BIT ICT GIT Online Classes English Sinhala Tamil Medium

📘 HTML5 Elements List with Explanation & Example

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1. Basic Structure Tags

Tag	Explanation	Example
<!DOCTYPE html>	Defines document type as HTML5.	<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>	Root element of the page.	<html lang="en"> ... </html>
<head>	Metadata container (title, styles, scripts).	<head><title>My Page</title></head>
<title>	Sets the page title (shown in browser tab).	<title>Home Page</title>
<body>	Main visible page content.	<body>Hello World</body>

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2. Text Content

Tag	Explanation	Example
<h1> … <h6>	Headings (h1 = biggest, h6 = smallest).	<h1>Main Title</h1>
<p>	Paragraph.	<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<br>	Line break.	Line1<br>Line2
<hr>	Horizontal line.	<hr>
<strong>	Bold importance.	<strong>Important</strong>
<em>	Italic emphasis.	<em>Note this</em>
<b>	Bold (style only).	<b>Bold Text</b>
<i>	Italics (style only).	<i>Italic Text</i>
<mark>	Highlighted text.	<mark>Highlight</mark>
<small>	Smaller text.	<small>Fine print</small>
<sup>	Superscript.	2<sup>nd</sup>
<sub>	Subscript.	H<sub>2</sub>O

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3. Links & Navigation

Tag	Explanation	Example
<a>	Hyperlink.	<a href="page.html">Click Here</a>
<nav>	Navigation section.	<nav><a href="#">Home</a></nav>

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4. Lists

Tag	Explanation	Example
<ul>	Unordered list (bullets).	<ul><li>Item 1</li></ul>
<ol>	Ordered list (numbers).	<ol><li>First</li></ol>
<li>	List item.	<li>Point</li>
<dl>	Description list.	<dl><dt>HTML</dt><dd>A markup language</dd></dl>
<dt>	Term (name).	<dt>CSS</dt>
<dd>	Description.	<dd>Styling language</dd>

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5. Media Elements

Tag	Explanation	Example
<img>	Insert image.	<img src="pic.jpg" alt="My Photo">
<audio>	Insert audio.	<audio controls><source src="song.mp3"></audio>
<video>	Insert video.	<video controls><source src="movie.mp4"></video>
<source>	Media source.	<source src="clip.mp4" type="video/mp4">
<track>	Subtitles/captions for video.	<track src="subs.vtt" kind="subtitles">
<canvas>	Drawing graphics with JS.	<canvas id="myCanvas"></canvas>
<svg>	Scalable vector graphics.	<svg><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40"/></svg>
<figure>	Groups media (image/video).	<figure><img src="img.png"><figcaption>Caption</figcaption></figure>
<figcaption>	Caption for <figure>.	<figcaption>Photo of sunset</figcaption>

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6. Forms & Input

Tag	Explanation	Example
<form>	Form container.	<form action="submit.php"></form>
<input>	Input field.	<input type="text">
<label>	Label for input.	<label for="name">Name:</label>
<textarea>	Multi-line text input.	<textarea></textarea>
<button>	Button.	<button>Click</button>
<select>	Dropdown.	<select><option>One</option></select>
<option>	Dropdown option.	<option value="1">Choice 1</option>
<optgroup>	Grouped dropdown options.	<optgroup label="Fruits"><option>Apple</option></optgroup>
<fieldset>	Group related inputs.	<fieldset><legend>Login</legend></fieldset>
<legend>	Caption for <fieldset>.	<legend>Personal Info</legend>
<datalist>	Autocomplete input list.	<input list="browsers"><datalist id="browsers"><option>Chrome</option></datalist>
<output>	Output result.	<output>42</output>
<meter>	Gauge (e.g., fuel).	<meter value="0.7">70%</meter>
<progress>	Progress bar.	<progress value="50" max="100"></progress>

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7. Table Elements

Tag	Explanation	Example
<table>	Table.	<table><tr><td>Data</td></tr></table>
<tr>	Table row.	<tr><td>A</td></tr>
<td>	Table cell.	<td>Value</td>
<th>	Table header cell.	<th>Name</th>
<thead>	Header group.	<thead><tr><th>Title</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>	Body rows.	<tbody><tr><td>Content</td></tr></tbody>
<tfoot>	Footer rows.	<tfoot><tr><td>Total</td></tr></tfoot>
<caption>	Table caption.	<caption>Student Marks</caption>
<colgroup>	Group of columns.	<colgroup><col span="2"></colgroup>
<col>	Column formatting.	<col style="background:yellow">

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8. Semantic Elements (HTML5 new features)

Tag	Explanation	Example
<header>	Top section.	<header><h1>Logo</h1></header>
<footer>	Bottom section.	<footer>© 2025 MySite</footer>
<main>	Main content.	<main><h2>Article</h2></main>
<section>	Section of content.	<section><h2>About</h2></section>
<article>	Independent content.	<article><h2>News</h2></article>
<aside>	Sidebar.	<aside>Related Links</aside>
<address>	Contact info.	<address>info@email.com</address>
<details>	Expandable details.	<details><summary>Read More</summary>Extra info</details>
<summary>	Title of details.	<summary>Click Me</summary>
<time>	Represents time/date.	<time datetime="2025-09-09">Today</time>

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9. Scripting & Metadata

Tag	Explanation	Example
<script>	JavaScript code.	<script>alert('Hi');</script>
<noscript>	Content shown if JS disabled.	<noscript>Please enable JavaScript</noscript>
<style>	Internal CSS.	<style>body{color:red;}</style>
<link>	External resource (CSS).	<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
<meta>	Metadata.	<meta charset="UTF-8">
<base>	Base URL for links.	<base href="https://example.com/">

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🌐 Module 1: Introduction to Web Development – A Beginner’s Guide

🔹 What is Web Development?

Web development is the process of creating websites and web applications that run in a browser. It involves:

1. Frontend (Client-Side Development)

   • This is what users see and interact with.

   • Built using HTML (structure), CSS (design), and JavaScript (interactivity).

   • Example: The login form on Facebook, the YouTube video player, the navigation menu on Amazon.

2. Backend (Server-Side Development)

   • Handles the logic, database, and server communication.

   • Built using languages like PHP, Python, Node.js, Java, C#.

   • Example: When you log in, the backend checks your username/password in a database.

3. Full-Stack Development

   • A full-stack developer works on both frontend and backend.

   • Example: Building an e-commerce site where you design the product page (frontend) and also handle order saving in the database (backend).

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🔹 How Do Websites Work?

Let’s break it down step by step:

1. You type a URL (like www.google.com) in the browser.

2. The browser sends a request to a server (using HTTP or HTTPS).

3. The server processes the request and sends back an HTML page.

4. The browser reads the HTML and displays the content to you.

5. CSS styles the page, and JavaScript makes it interactive.

👉 Think of it like ordering food online:

• The browser is you placing the order.

• The server is the restaurant kitchen.

• The HTML, CSS, and JS are the final dish served to your table.

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🔹 What is HTML, CSS, and JavaScript?

1. HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

   • The skeleton of a web page.

   • Defines the structure: headings, paragraphs, images, tables, forms, etc.

   • Example:

     <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
     <p>This is my first blog post.</p>
     

2. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

   • The clothes and makeup of the website.

   • Controls layout, colors, fonts, spacing, and responsiveness.

   • Example:

     h1 {
       color: blue;
       text-align: center;
     }
     

3. JavaScript

   • The brain of the website.

   • Makes websites interactive (forms, popups, animations, dynamic content).

   • Example:

     alert("Hello, welcome to my blog!");
     

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🔹 Setting Up Your Development Environment

Before we start coding, let’s get our tools ready:

1. Text Editor (Code Editor)

   • Install Visual Studio Code (VS Code) – free and widely used.

   • Alternative editors: Sublime Text, Atom, Notepad++.

2. Web Browser

   • Use Google Chrome or Firefox.

   • Both come with Developer Tools (Right Click → Inspect) to debug your code.

3. Local Server (Optional for Beginners)

   • Install the Live Server extension in VS Code.

   • This allows you to run your HTML file and see live changes in the browser.

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🔹 First Example: "Hello World" in HTML

Let’s create our first webpage:

1. Open VS Code.

2. Create a file called index.html.

3. Add this code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>My First Web Page</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
  <p>Welcome to my first blog on web development.</p>
</body>
</html>

4. Save the file and open it in your browser.

🎉 You’ve just created your first website!

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🔹 Understanding the Structure

• <!DOCTYPE html> → Tells the browser this is an HTML5 document.

• <html> → The root element of the page.

• <head> → Contains metadata (title, links, SEO info, scripts).

• <body> → Contains the visible content (text, images, buttons, etc.).

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🔹 Summary of Module 1

• Web development is divided into Frontend, Backend, and Full Stack.

• A website works by browsers and servers communicating via HTTP/HTTPS.

• HTML gives structure, CSS adds style, JavaScript adds interactivity.

• You need a code editor, browser, and optional live server to get started.

• Your first Hello World HTML page is the beginning of your journey as a web developer.

General Information Technology (GIT) G.C.E. A/L English Medium Syllabus Download Notes Classes Questions and Answers

📘 G.C.E. A/L – General Information Technology (GIT) Syllabus

Competency 1 — Explores the computer and its potential

1.1 Describes the computer as a system using a block diagram (02 Periods)

Contents:

• System concept; introduction to computers
• Components:
  • Hardware: input/output devices, memory, storage devices (optical, magnetic, semiconductor), processor
  • Software: system software (operating system, utilities), application software
• Block diagram: input, processing unit (ALU, CU), output, memory/storage; data/control flow
• Data & Information; attributes of quality information

Learning Outcomes:

• Define a system
• Identify the computer as an IPO system
• Identify a computer as a component of a larger system
• List and describe hardware components
• Classify peripherals as input/output/I-O devices
• List types of software
• Draw and label a computer block diagram
• Describe the function of each component
• Distinguish between data and information with examples
• Name and describe attributes of quality information

1.2 Identifies the specifications of personal computers (01 Period)

Contents:

• Hardware specifications: processor, memory, hard disk, motherboard, ports, chipset, display, GPU
• Software specifications: operating system, application software, utility software

Learning Outcomes:

• Select PC specifications according to requirements and affordability
• Prepare specifications for a computer and its peripherals
• Select suitable software based on user requirements (compatibility, support, licensing)
• Ensure security: antivirus, anti-malware, firewall

Competency 2 — Explores the representation of data inside a computer

2.1 Data representation and fundamental concepts (02–03 Periods)

Contents:

• Number systems: decimal, binary, hexadecimal; base, place value, weight
• Conversions: decimal to binary and binary to decimal (positive integers)

Learning Outcomes:

• Describe number systems with base, place value, weight
• Identify uses of number systems in computing (e.g., RGB, hex)
• Convert between decimal and binary

2.2 Basic Boolean operators (01 Period)

Contents:

• Boolean operators: AND, OR, NOT (up to 2 inputs)

Learning Outcomes:

• Draw truth tables for AND, OR, NOT operators
• Draw truth tables for given simple Boolean expressions

2.3 Character encoding systems (01 Period)

Contents:

• Need for encoding characters
• ASCII and Unicode
• Input in local languages using Unicode

Learning Outcomes:

• Explain the need for encoding characters
• Compare ASCII and Unicode
• Demonstrate ASCII codes with examples
• Demonstrate Unicode input in local languages

Competency 3 — Explores the Operating System and its Functions

3.1 Identifies the role of an Operating System (01 Period)

Contents:

• Definition of an Operating System (OS)
• Functions: process management, memory management, file system management, I/O control, security
• Types of OS: Single-user, multi-user, multitasking
• User interfaces: Command Line Interface (CLI) vs Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Learning Outcomes:

• Define an OS
• List the major functions of an OS
• Differentiate between CLI and GUI with examples
• Classify OS types with examples

3.2 Uses functions of an Operating System (02 Periods)

Contents:

• Basic OS operations:
  • Managing files & folders (create, copy, move, delete)
  • Working with drives & removable media
  • Compression & decompression of files
• OS tools and utilities:
  • System information
  • Task manager
  • Disk cleanup & defragmentation
• Customizing desktop & taskbar
• Installing/uninstalling software
• Managing user accounts & privileges

Learning Outcomes:

• Use OS tools to manage files/folders
• Perform file compression and decompression
• Use system utilities to manage system resources
• Install and uninstall software applications
• Customize desktop environment
• Manage user accounts and privileges

Competency 4 — Explores Word Processing, Spreadsheets, and Presentation Tools

4.1 Uses a Word Processor to create professional documents (04 Periods)

Contents:

• Creating and editing documents
• Formatting text, paragraphs, and pages
• Using styles and templates
• Creating tables, inserting images, charts, and objects
• Mail merge
• Proofing tools (spell check, grammar check, thesaurus)
• Page setup, headers & footers, footnotes & endnotes
• Printing options

Learning Outcomes:

• Create, edit, and format a document using a word processor
• Insert tables, images, charts, and objects
• Use proofing tools effectively
• Apply styles and templates
• Perform a mail merge
• Prepare a document for printing with proper layout

4.2 Uses Spreadsheet software for data organization and analysis (04 Periods)

Contents:

• Creating and editing spreadsheets
• Data types: numbers, text, dates
• Basic formulas and functions (SUM, AVERAGE, IF, COUNT)
• Cell references (relative, absolute, mixed)
• Sorting and filtering data
• Charts and graphs
• Conditional formatting

Learning Outcomes:

• Create and format spreadsheets
• Apply formulas and functions to solve problems
• Use relative and absolute cell references
• Organize and analyze data using sorting and filtering
• Create and customize charts and graphs
• Use conditional formatting to highlight data

4.3 Uses Presentation software to prepare presentations (02 Periods)

Contents:

• Creating and editing slides
• Slide layouts and design templates
• Inserting images, audio, video, and charts
• Slide transitions and animations
• Notes and handouts
• Presentation delivery (slide show settings, rehearsing, presenting)

Learning Outcomes:

• Create and design a presentation with slides
• Insert multimedia elements
• Apply transitions and animations
• Prepare handouts and speaker notes
• Deliver a professional presentation

Competency 5 — Explores Database Management Systems (DBMS)

5.1 Explains the concept of databases and DBMS (02 Periods)

Contents:

• Data, information, and databases
• Database approach vs traditional file processing
• Advantages of databases
• DBMS definition and examples
• Users of a DBMS (end users, database administrators, developers)

Learning Outcomes:

• Define database and DBMS
• Differentiate between database and file system
• List advantages of DBMS
• Identify types of DBMS users

5.2 Explains data models with emphasis on relational model (02 Periods)

Contents:

• Data models overview
• Relational model: tables, rows, columns
• Keys: primary key, foreign key, composite key
• Relationships: one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many

Learning Outcomes:

• Describe the relational model
• Identify entities, attributes, and relationships
• Explain primary and foreign keys
• Draw simple relational diagrams

5.3 Uses DBMS software to manage data (04 Periods)

Contents:

• Creating databases and tables
• Defining data types
• Entering, editing, and deleting data
• Simple queries (SELECT, WHERE, ORDER BY)
• Reports and forms

Learning Outcomes:

• Create databases and tables using DBMS
• Define fields with appropriate data types
• Insert, edit, and delete records
• Retrieve data using queries
• Generate simple reports and forms

Competency 6 — Explores Programming and Problem Solving

6.1 Understands problem-solving methods (02 Periods)

Contents:

• Problem analysis
• Algorithms: definition and characteristics
• Representations: pseudocode, flowcharts

Learning Outcomes:

• Analyze a problem to identify inputs, processes, outputs
• Write simple algorithms in pseudocode
• Draw flowcharts for given problems

6.2 Applies programming concepts using a high-level language (06 Periods)

Contents:

• Basic syntax and structure
• Variables, constants, and data types
• Operators (arithmetic, relational, logical)
• Input and output statements
• Control structures:
  • Selection (IF, IF-ELSE, SWITCH)
  • Iteration (FOR, WHILE, DO-WHILE)
• Arrays and strings (basic operations)

Learning Outcomes:

• Write simple programs using variables and operators
• Implement input and output statements
• Apply selection and iteration structures
• Use arrays and strings in problem-solving
• Test and debug simple programs

6.3 Develops simple programs to solve problems (04 Periods)

Contents:

• Problem-solving with algorithms
• Converting algorithms into programs
• Testing and debugging
• Documenting programs

Learning Outcomes:

• Develop complete programs for given problems
• Use structured programming practices
• Test and correct errors in programs
• Prepare documentation for programs

Competency 7 — Explores Data Communication and Computer Networks

7.1 Explains fundamentals of data communication (02 Periods)

Contents:

• Components of data communication: sender, receiver, medium, message, protocol
• Characteristics: speed, accuracy, cost, security
• Modes of transmission: simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex
• Transmission media: guided (twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic), unguided (radio, microwave, infrared, satellite)

Learning Outcomes:

• Identify components of data communication
• Describe modes of transmission
• List advantages and disadvantages of media

7.2 Explains computer networking concepts (03 Periods)

Contents:

• Definition of a computer network
• Network types: LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN
• Network topologies: bus, star, ring, mesh, hybrid
• Network devices: hub, switch, router, modem, access point
• Client-server vs peer-to-peer

Learning Outcomes:

• Define and classify computer networks
• Differentiate network types
• Describe common network topologies
• Identify functions of networking devices
• Differentiate client-server and peer-to-peer models

7.3 Uses Internet and web technologies effectively (04 Periods)

Contents:

• Internet services: email, search engines, video conferencing, e-commerce, e-banking, e-learning, social networking
• IP addresses, domain names, URLs
• Cloud computing
• Cybersecurity: threats, safe practices, antivirus, firewalls

Learning Outcomes:

• Use email and search engines efficiently
• Identify applications of Internet services
• Explain IP addresses, domain names, and URLs
• Define cloud computing with examples
• Apply cybersecurity practices

Competency 8 — Explores ICT in Society and Emerging Trends

8.1 Identifies the role of ICT in society (02 Periods)

Contents:

• ICT in education, business, industry, health, government, agriculture
• Impact of ICT on communication, lifestyle, globalization

Learning Outcomes:

• Discuss the role of ICT in various sectors
• Identify social impacts of ICT
• Explain ICT’s contribution to globalization

8.2 Explores ethical, legal, and environmental issues in ICT (02 Periods)

Contents:

• Ethical issues: privacy, data protection, computer crimes
• Legal aspects: intellectual property rights, software licensing, cyber laws
• Environmental issues: e-waste, green computing

Learning Outcomes:

• Identify ethical issues in ICT
• Explain intellectual property rights and licensing
• Describe computer-related laws
• Discuss environmental concerns in ICT

8.3 Explores emerging trends in ICT (03 Periods)

Contents:

• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Big Data and Analytics
• Blockchain
• Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR)
• Mobile and wireless technologies

Learning Outcomes:

• Describe emerging ICT trends
• Discuss applications of AI, IoT, Big Data
• Identify future directions of ICT