AL ICT Lesson 11.3: Internet of Things (IoT) | Notes Tamil Medium Class Study Guide PDF Notes Exam Zoom Class

🚪 G.C.E. A/L ICT – Competency 11.1 | IoT Part 3

Door Detection, Reed Switch, Sensors, Actuators, Analog/Digital Signals, Physical Computing & Development Flow

Reed Switch Door Detection Sensor Actuator Analog vs Digital Physical Computing Exam Focus

⚡ Quick Answers | SEO / AEO / Featured Snippet Style Revision ▼

Reed Switch என்றால் என்ன?

Magnetic field மூலம் open/close ஆகும் switch. Door detection-ல் magnet உடன் பயன்படுத்தப்படும்.

Door Detection எப்படி வேலை செய்கிறது?

Reed switch digital input ஆக Arduino/microcontroller-க்கு செல்கிறது. Door open ஆனால் LED/Buzzer ON செய்யலாம்.

Sensor என்றால் என்ன?

Physical quantity-ஐ detect/measure செய்து electrical signal ஆக மாற்றும் input device.

Actuator என்றால் என்ன?

Control signal பெற்ற பிறகு physical action செய்யும் output device. Example: Fan, Motor, Relay.

Analog vs Digital

Analog = continuous values. Digital = discrete states, பொதுவாக 0/1.

Physical Computing என்றால் என்ன?

Software மூலம் physical electronic components-ஐ sense மற்றும் control செய்வது.

Most important exam concept:
Input → Processing → Output

Sensor → Microcontroller → Actuator

Door Detection & Reed Switch

🚪 26. Example 4 – Door Open/Close Detection ▼

Syllabus-ல்:

Detection of opening/closing a door using a reed switch / magnetic switch

NIE Teacher’s Guide-லும் “read switch” என்று குறிப்பிடப்பட்டாலும், பொதுவாக இங்கு reed switch என்பதே பொருள்.

Syllabus Term

Reed switch / magnetic switch

Use

Door open/close state detect செய்தல்

Input Type

Digital Input

Output

LED / Buzzer / Alarm / Message

🧲 27. Reed Switch என்றால் என்ன? ▼

Reed switch என்பது magnetic field மூலம் open/close ஆகும் switch.

பொதுவாக:

Magnet Reed Switch

ஆகிய இரண்டும் சேர்ந்து பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது.

Door-ல் அமைப்பு

Door │ │ Magnet │ └────────── Door Frame │ │ Reed Switch │ └──────────

Door மூடப்படும் போது

Magnet மற்றும் reed switch அருகில் வரும்.

Door திறக்கும்போது

Magnet மற்றும் reed switch விலகும்.

Memory Trick:
Magnet அருகில் வந்தால் reed switch நிலை மாறும்.

🔎 28. Door Detection Logic ▼

System Flow

Door ↓ Reed Switch ↓ Digital Input ↓ Microcontroller ↓ Decision ↓ Alarm / LED / Message

Example 1

Door Closed

LED OFF

Door Open

LED ON

Example 2

Door Open

Buzzer ON

Door Closed

Buzzer OFF

குறிப்பு: HIGH/LOW value எந்த நிலையில் வரும் என்பது circuit wiring-ஐப் பொறுத்தது. Pull-up / pull-down arrangement மற்றும் wiring method-ஐ பொறுத்து logic மாறலாம்.

📝 29. Door Detection – Pseudocode ▼

START Read reed switch IF door is open Turn ON LED ELSE Turn OFF LED REPEAT

Exam Answer Style:
Read digital input from reed switch → check door state → control output device → repeat continuously.

Applications & System Building Blocks

📊 30. மூன்று முக்கிய Applications – ஒரே பார்வையில் ▼

Application	Input	Processing	Output
LED control	Switch / program	Microcontroller	LED
Automatic light	LDR	Microcontroller	LED
Automatic fan	Temperature sensor	Microcontroller	Fan
Door detection	Reed switch	Microcontroller	LED / Buzzer

இதுதான் இந்த competency-யின் மிக முக்கியமான Input → Process → Output concept.

🧱 31. Building Blocks of a Digital / Embedded System ▼

ஒரு basic system-ஐ இவ்வாறு நினைவில் வைத்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள்:

INPUT ↓ ┌─────────────────┐ │ Microcontroller │ │ Processing │ └─────────────────┘ ↓ OUTPUT

Input Examples

LDR, Temperature sensor, Push button, Reed switch, Motion sensor

Processing

Microcontroller, Program / Decision logic

Output Examples

LED, Buzzer, Fan, Motor, Relay

Sensors, Actuators & Signals

📡 32. Sensor என்றால் என்ன? ▼

Sensor என்பது physical quantity-ஐ detect/measure செய்து electrical signal/data ஆக வழங்கும் component.

Sensor	Detects
LDR	Light
Temperature sensor	Temperature
PIR sensor	Motion
Ultrasonic sensor	Distance
Reed switch	Magnetic / door state

நினைவில் வைக்க:
Sensor = Input device

⚙️ 33. Actuator என்றால் என்ன? ▼

Actuator என்பது control signal கிடைத்த பிறகு physical action செய்யும் device.

Examples

Motor Fan Relay Servo motor Solenoid LED போன்ற output devices

Memory Trick:
Sensor → உணர்கிறது
Actuator → செயல்படுகிறது

🔄 34. Sensor + Controller + Actuator Model ▼

IoT/Embedded systems-ல் மிகவும் முக்கியமான model:

Physical World ↓ Sensor ↓ Microcontroller ↓ Decision ↓ Actuator ↓ Physical Action

Example – Smart Fan

Room Temperature ↓ Temperature Sensor ↓ Arduino ↓ Temperature > 30°C ↓ Relay ↓ Fan

Exam phrase:
Sensor reads the physical world. Microcontroller makes the decision. Actuator performs the physical action.

🎚️ 35. Analog vs Digital Input ▼

Analog Input	Digital Input
Continuous value	Discrete states
பல values	பொதுவாக 0 / 1
Light intensity	Button
Temperature	Reed switch
LDR	Digital switch
ADC மூலம் reading பெறலாம்	Digital read பயன்படுத்தலாம்

Easy Memory Trick:
Analog = அளவு மாறிக்கொண்டே இருக்கும்
Digital = நிலை 0/1

🌡️ 36. Analog vs Digital Example ▼

Temperature – Analog-type physical quantity

Temperature 25.1°C 25.2°C 25.3°C 25.4°C ...

இது போன்ற தொடர்ச்சியாக மாறக்கூடிய அளவுகள் Analog-type physical quantity ஆகும்.

Door Switch – Digital state

Door switch OPEN CLOSED

இதுபோன்ற இரண்டு தெளிவான நிலைகள் Digital state ஆகும்.

↔️ 37. Digital Input vs Digital Output ▼

Digital Input

Board தகவலைப் பெறுகிறது.

Example: Button → Arduino

Digital Output

Board control signal அனுப்புகிறது.

Example: Arduino → LED

மிக எளிதாக:
Input = உள்ளே வரும் data
Output = வெளியே செல்லும் control/data

Arduino Pins & System Comparison

📟 38. Arduino Pin Types – Exam Table ▼

Feature	Function
Analog Input	Variable analog signals read செய்ய
Digital Input	Digital state read செய்ய
Digital Output	Output device control செய்ய
RX	Serial data receive செய்ய
TX	Serial data transmit செய்ய
USB	Computer connection / program upload
Power	Electrical power வழங்க
Reset	Program execution-ஐ reset செய்ய

Arduino Uno official documentation-ல் digital I/O மற்றும் RX/TX serial pins பற்றிய details வழங்கப்பட்டுள்ளன.

💻 39. Traditional Computer vs Embedded System – இன்னும் தெளிவாக ▼

Traditional Computer

ஒரு student பயன்படுத்தும் laptop: Keyboard, Mouse, CPU, RAM/Storage, Operating System, Applications, Monitor. பல வகையான வேலைகளைச் செய்ய முடியும்.

Embedded System

Automatic fan: Temperature Sensor → Microcontroller → Driver → Fan. குறிப்பிட்ட control task-க்காக வடிவமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.

Traditional Computer Keyboard Mouse ↓ CPU ↓ RAM / Storage ↓ Operating System ↓ Applications ↓ Monitor

Embedded System Temperature Sensor ↓ Microcontroller ↓ Driver ↓ Fan

Traditional Computer	Embedded System
General-purpose	Specific control task
Many tasks possible	One main task
User interacts through OS/apps	Direct physical control
Example: Laptop	Example: Automatic fan

Physical Computing & Development Flow

🌍 40. Physical Computing ▼

NIE Teacher’s Guide-ல் Physical Computing என்ற concept குறிப்பிடப்படுகிறது.

Physical Computing என்றால்?
Software program மற்றும் physical electronic components ஆகியவற்றை இணைத்து real-world objects-ஐ sense மற்றும் control செய்வது.

Example

Software Only

Python/Arduino code மட்டும் computer screen-ல் ஓடுவது: Software.

Physical Computing

Sensor → Program → Motor மூலம் physical world-ஐ control செய்தால்: Physical Computing.

🧠 41. Development System-ல் Software ஏன் தேவை? ▼

Board மட்டும் இருந்தால் அது நமது application logic-ஐ தானாக அறியாது. அதற்கு instructions/program கொடுக்க வேண்டும்.

Board-க்கு: “Temperature 30°C-க்கு மேல் சென்றால் fan ON செய்.” என்று program செய்ய வேண்டும்.

Conclusion:
Hardware + Software
↓
Useful Application

🛠️ 42. Program Development Flow ▼

NIE Teacher’s Guide இந்த process-ஐ flowchart-ல் ஆரம்பித்து, source code உருவாக்கி, compile செய்து, microcontroller-க்கு program செய்வதாக வழிகாட்டுகிறது.

முழு Flow

Problem ↓ Understand Requirements ↓ Algorithm ↓ Flowchart ↓ Source Code ↓ Compile ↓ Upload / Program Board ↓ Test ↓ Observe Output ↓ Debug / Improve

Exam Keywords:
Problem → Algorithm → Flowchart → Source Code → Compile → Upload → Test → Debug

Full Development Examples

💡 43. Example – Automatic Light முழு Development Process ▼

Problem

இருட்டாகும்போது LED ON ஆக வேண்டும்.

Input

LDR

Process

Arduino

Output

LED

Algorithm

Read LDR ↓ Compare with threshold ↓ Dark? ├── Yes → LED ON └── No → LED OFF

Implementation

LDR ↓ Analog Input ↓ Arduino ↓ Program ↓ Digital Output ↓ LED

🌡️ 44. Example – Automatic Fan முழு Development Process ▼

Requirement

Temperature > 30°C என்றால் fan ON.

Input

Temperature sensor

Processor

Microcontroller

Output

Fan through suitable driver/relay

Algorithm

Read temperature ↓ temperature > 30? / \ Yes No ↓ ↓ Fan ON Fan OFF

Fan/Motor-ஐ நேரடியாக microcontroller pin-க்கு இணைக்காமல் driver/relay பயன்படுத்துவது பாதுகாப்பான முறை.

🚨 45. Example – Smart Door ▼

Requirement

Door open ஆனவுடன் LED/Buzzer ON.

Input

Reed switch

Processing

Arduino

Output

LED / Buzzer

System Flow

Door ↓ Reed Switch ↓ Digital Input ↓ Arduino ↓ Decision ↓ LED/Buzzer

Exam Answer Structure:
Input: Reed switch
Processing: Microcontroller/Arduino
Decision: Check door open/close state
Output: LED or Buzzer

🏆 Final Exam Memory Map | Sections 26–45 ▼

Door Detection

Reed switch + Magnet → Digital Input → Arduino → LED/Buzzer

Sensor

Physical quantity → Electrical signal. Input device.

Actuator

Control signal → Physical action. Output device.

Analog

Continuous values. Example: Temperature, Light intensity.

Digital

Discrete states. Example: OPEN/CLOSED, HIGH/LOW.

Physical Computing

Software + hardware இணைந்து real world-ஐ control செய்தல்.

Development Flow

Problem → Algorithm → Code → Compile → Upload → Test → Debug

Core Concept

Input → Process → Output / Sensor → Controller → Actuator

SEO / AEO Keywords:
reed switch door detection, magnetic switch, Arduino door sensor, sensor and actuator, analog vs digital input, physical computing, embedded system building blocks, GCE A/L ICT IoT notes, Competency 11.1 IoT, Arduino development flow

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Yes. We conduct online ICT classes for G.C.E. O/L and A/L students island-wide, and also offer home-visit individual classes. Classes cover the syllabus, past papers, model papers and revision.

Which languages are the classes taught in? (සිංහල / தமிழ் / English)

Classes are available in English, Sinhala and Tamil medium. / පන්ති ඉංග්‍රීසි, සිංහල සහ දෙමළ මාධ්‍යයෙන් පවතී. / வகுப்புகள் ஆங்கிலம், சிங்களம் மற்றும் தமிழ் மொழிகளில் நடைபெறும்.

Do you teach Cambridge and Pearson Edexcel ICT and Computer Science?

Yes. We support Cambridge Primary to A Level and Pearson Edexcel iPrimary to International A Level, including IGCSE ICT, IGCSE Computer Science and O Level Computer Science.

Can you help with BIT, BSc or IT final-year projects?

Yes. We give technical guidance on project ideas, system design, database design, PHP & MySQL, Python and Java development, and documentation for BIT, BSc, IT and ICT students.

Can I learn Python, PHP, web design or digital marketing as a complete beginner?

Yes. Courses start from absolute beginner level and move step by step to practical projects. No previous experience is needed.

What are the class fees and schedules?

Fees and timetables depend on the subject, grade and whether you choose individual or group classes. Message us on WhatsApp (+94 72 962 2034) for current details.

How can I contact ITClassSL?

WhatsApp or call +94 72 962 2034, email itclasssl@gmail.com, or message us on Facebook and the other platforms listed below.

📞 Ready to Start Learning?

Book your online ICT class or ask about programming courses, university project guidance and digital marketing training.

📱 Call / WhatsApp: +94 72 962 2034

📧 Email: itclasssl@gmail.com

💻 Skype: ITClassSL

💬 Contact Us on WhatsApp

🌐 Our Online Learning Platforms

Tutorials, notes, project guides and learning resources.

📺 YouTube Tutorials
ICT & programming videos 💬 WhatsApp Community
Join our learning community ✍️ ICT Blog
Computer classes and tutorials 📰 WordPress
Notes and learning resources 📘 Facebook
Follow our official page 🌐 Wix Website
Our training services 💻 eTeacher Website
Online learning platform 📝 Medium
Technology articles ❓ Quora
Project guidance and Q&A 🎓 Strikingly Portfolio
University project resources 🗣️ ElaKiri Forum
Project discussion 🎵 TikTok
Short learning videos 🛒 Payhip
Digital resources 🌐 Weebly
Project and IT resources

ITClassSL — ICT Training | Computer Classes | Programming | University Project Guidance | Digital Marketing

Learn • Practice • Build • Grow 🚀

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සිංහල: ඔන්ලයින් ICT පන්ති · උසස් පෙළ ICT · සාමාන්‍ය පෙළ ICT · පරිගණක පන්ති · ව්‍යාපෘති මාර්ගෝපදේශනය · ඩිජිටල් මාකටින්
தமிழ்: ஆன்லைன் ICT வகுப்புகள் · உயர்தர ICT · சாதாரண தர ICT · கணினி வகுப்புகள் · திட்ட வழிகாட்டல் · டிஜிட்டல் மார்க்கெட்டிங்